Aphid

During growing season you will observe sticky honeydew coating leaves and twigs, followed by sooty mold that blackens foliage. Look for clusters of soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects in green, gray, or black on new growth and shoot tips. On conifers like firs and spruces, larger blackish conifer aphids (Cinara spp.) create obvious colonies on main branches.

Spray infested areas forcefully with water; repeat every few days for light infestations. Release ladybird beetles, lacewings, or parasitoid wasps which naturally control aphids when broad-spectrum insecticides are avoided. Apply insecticidal soap or horticultural oil when cool (below 85F). Neem oil requires repeated applications every 7 to 10 days. Reserve pyrethrin sprays for severe outbreaks.